The Internet was born in 1969, in the United States. It originally connected research laboratories and was called ARPAnet (Advanced Research Projects Agency). It was a network of the United States Department of Defense.
The Cold War was taking place at that time, and the scientists aimed to create a network that would remain standing in the event of a bombing.
The main concept of the internet emerged: “A network in which all points are equivalent and there is no central command. Thus, if B stops working, A and C keep communicating”.
Of course, the name “Internet” appeared much later, when ARPAnet technology began to be used to connect universities and laboratories, first in the US and then in other countries.
The power of the WWW (World Wide Web) lies in its ability to link documents to computers far apart from each other. This is possible thanks to the communication protocol called HTTP ("HyperText Transfer Protocol") and the HTML language ("HyperText Markup Language").
A brief history of the InternetThe Internet was born in 1969, in the United States. It originally connected research laboratories and was called ARPAnet (ARPA: Advanced Research Projects Agency). It was a network of the United States Department of Defense.
The Cold War was taking place at that time, and the scientists aimed for a network that would remain standing in the event of a bombing.
The main concept of the internet emerged: “A network in which all points are equivalent and there is no central command. Thus, if B stops working, A and C keep communicating”.
Of course, the name “Internet” appeared much later, when ARPAnet technology began to be used to connect universities and laboratories, first in the US and then in other countries.
The power of the WWW (World Wide Web) lies in its ability to link documents to computers far apart from each other. This is possible thanks to the communication protocol called HTTP (“HyperText Transfer Protocol”) and the HTML language (“HyperText Markup Language”).
HTML was born in 1991 at CERN (European Council for Nuclear Research), in Switzerland. Its creator, the Englishman Tim Berners-Lee, 44 years old, conceived it solely as a language that would link the laboratory’s computers and other research institutions and display scientific documents in a simple, easily accessible way.
A fundamental development took place in July 1992 with the release of the development library for WWW – World Wide Web. This library led to the construction of several WWW browsers and servers that made the WEB viable. One of these was Mosaic, the first cross-platform browser that fully explored the WEB’s hypermedia capabilities. Developed by Marc Andreeson, then at NCSA, MOSAIC was what started the WEB’s explosive growth. In autumn 1993 it became available to millions of users, with the release of Mac and Windows versions. While new browsers have surpassed MOSAIC’s features, on the other hand it was this program that became synonymous with the Web.
Many people agree that HTML documents should work well across different browsers and operating systems. Achieving interoperability lowers costs for people developing pages because only one version of the document needs to be developed. If no effort is made, there is a huge risk that the web will develop into countless incompatible formats, undoubtedly reducing the web’s full commercial potential for all participants.
Each version of HTML has tried to reflect the entire consensus within the software industry so that the investment made by page authors is not wasted and their documents do not become unreadable within a short period of time. HTML has been developed with the vision that all equipment could use information from the Web, computers with monitors of various resolutions and different numbers of colors, equipment for voice input and output, computers with high and low bandwidth, and much more.
HTML 4.0 extends it with mechanisms for style sheets (CSS), scripting, frames (windows), embedding objects, better support for text with varying directions (left, right, and both), more readable tables, improvements to forms, and better accessibility for people with disabilities. This immense library has everything. There are more than 1 billion pages on the most varied subjects. Everything human imagination could conceive has ended up on the network, which has become a great arena for knowledge and fun. You can bet on it: after the Internet, the world will never be the same again.
Evolution of HTML
- 1992 – First appearance of HTML;
- 1993 – HTML+: Some definitions of appearance, tables, forms;
- 1994 – HTML 2.0: Standardization of the main features;
- 1994 – HTML 3.0: An extension of HTML+ understood as a draft standard;
- 1995 – HTML 3.2: Netscape and Internet Explorer define their own standards based on current implementations;
- 1995 – JavaScript: created by Brendan Eich at Netscape as an extension of HTML for the Navigator v2.0. browser. JavaScript is an object-based scripting language and allows objects to be manipulated through dynamic events that HTML lacked;
- 1996 – CSS1: In December of this year, the Style Sheet is presented for the first time, created to complement the HTML language. It had simple formatting and about 60 properties;
- 1997 – HTML 4.0: The Netscape v4.0 (August) and Internet Explorer v4.0 (October) browsers are released, presenting a set of technologies (CSS, JavaScript/VBScript and DOM) that together provided various features, making HTML dynamic. DHTML then emerges;
- 1998 – CSS2: In May, the second version of the Style Sheet is released, which, besides including all CSS1 properties, introduces around 70 new properties;
- 1999 – HTML 4.01: Some modifications to the previous version;
- 2000 – XHTML 1.0: It is created and consists of an XML version of HTML v4.01.